There are many rubber antionxidant agents on the market, and the right one for your application is critical to the durability of your product.

TMQ
TMQ, or trimethyloquatrium, is an important category of rubber antioxidant agents. It has an excellent protective effect against oxygen and heat, and a stronger inhibitory effect on metal catalytic oxidation. It is widely used in the manufacture of rubber products, including tires, adhesive tape, and plastics. TMQ is packaged in 25kg bags in a kraft paper or knitted liner.

The thermostability of the antioxidant agent is important for natural rubber vulcanizates, because the substance must remain stable in the curing range. Listed below are the decomposition temperatures of TMQ and 6PPD. 6PPD is a better antioxidant than TMQ. Those compounds may be used for other applications. Those materials undergoing the curing process should be free of TMQ.

PA100
PA100 is a mixture of diaryl-p-phenylenediamines. It is a good antiozonant for chloroprene rubber and is a versatile antioxidant in the tire and rubber industry. Its high antioxidant properties allow it to serve as an excellent antiozonant and antiflex cracking agent. However, it is far superior to its cousin antioxidant A.

Oxidative ageing of rubber is a major problem. This process occurs due to small amounts of oxygen absorbed by rubbers and vulcanizates. Oxidative ageing changes the properties of rubber and vulcanizates. To prevent this process, antioxidants are used to extend their service life. Their effectiveness depends on the chemical structure and type of ageing.

AW
The AW rubber industry is exposed to high concentrations of N-nitrosamines, ozone, and other air pollutants. The average daily exposure to these compounds is 0.3 mg/m3, and the geometric mean concentrations of NDMA and NMor in Germany and Poland are 0.02 mg/m3. These exposure levels are comparable in other European countries. Nonetheless, they are a cause for concern.

The effects of different kinds of environmental factors can cause considerable damage to rubber. In addition, the aging process can also affect rubber's service life and shelf-life. To protect rubber from these effects, these chemicals are used in the formulation. These compounds are known as anti-aging agents. They increase the service life and shelf-life of rubber products. Listed below are some examples of the AW rubber compounds.

Hindered phenols
The role of rubber anti-oxidant agents is to impart resistance to heat, sunlight, oxygen, and ozone. Some of these compounds, such as paraphenylene diamines, are powerful retarders of oxidation. They disrupt free radical oxidation reactions, resulting in increased interlinking and molecular rupture. Other compounds, such as hindered phenols, are weaker antioxidants, with less tendency to stain light-coloured rubber compounds.

Among the primary antioxidants, hindered phenols are the most popular. This class of compounds is highly effective in extensive applications. Their unique properties as free radical scavengers ensure protection from damage during high temperature processing and end-use. These compounds also have synergistic properties, allowing them to be used in combination with secondary antioxidants. Hindered phenols are an excellent choice for rubber anti-oxidant agents.

Microcrystalline paraffin wax
This chemical is a derivative of petroleum, and is commonly included in the production of rubber compounds based on unsaturated elastomers. As a rubber antioxidant, it has several advantages over conventional rubber compounds, including increased flexibility and anti-aging properties. It also contains synthetic fatty acids that can improve the performance of rubber. Rubber protective microcrystalline wax is a popular compound among tire manufacturers and is a specialty wax used by many industries. Among all types of wax, this material has the highest demand and development potential, making it a good candidate for production of a variety of rubber products.

As an antiozonant, microcrystalline paraffin wax acts as a protective layer on the surface of a rubber product. Its composition is polar, which allows it to react with ozone while keeping it from damaging the rubber. It is possible that the wax will attach p-PDA fragments to a rubber matrix when exposed to sunlight or air. Both theories require that ozone attack the rubber surface, but a protective film can prevent this.